JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU

In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Faloak Leaf Extract (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) against Bacteria Causing Mastitis

2026-02-13T11:57:44+00:00

The use of antibiotics and chemical agents for the treatment and prevention of mastitis contributes to antibacterial resistance and antibiotic residues in milk. Therefore, safe and sustainable alternative materials are required. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of faloak leaf extract against mastitis-causing bacteria. Faloak leaves were macerated using 96% ethanol to obtain a concentrated extract. Flavonoid content was analyzed spectrophotometrically using quercetin as the standard. Antibacterial activity was determined by the disk diffusion method at extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, with commercial antibiotics as positive control and distilled water as the negative control. Each treatment was replicated nine times. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to determine significant differences. The flavonoid content of the extract was 0.227 ± 0.007 mg/g QE. The extract effectively inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli FNCC 0091. A 50% concentration showed inhibitory activity comparable to commercial antibiotics against S. aureus, while a 30% concentration demonstrated similar effectiveness against E. coli. Inhibition zone diameter increased with higher extract concentrations. These findings indicate that faloak leaf extract has potential as a natural antibacterial alternative for mastitis prevention in vitro.

Synchronized Estrus Response of Kacang Goats Under Semi-Intensive Farming System in Dryland Areas

2026-03-09T01:48:11+00:00

The study aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of Kacang Goats in a semi-intensive maintenance system in dryland areas treated with estrus synchronization using Medroxy Progesterone acetate (MPA) hormone in vaginal sponges. The study was conducted at the Kacang goat seed development location in Naas Village, West Malaka District, Malaka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The study used 31 Kacang goats aged 2-3 years in healthy condition, without defects, and not pregnant. The variables studied were estrus onset, estrus intensity, estrus percentage, pregnancy percentage, birth percentage and litter size. Data analysis used descriptive analysis using SPSS Version 25. The results showed that the average estrus onset was 29.54 ± 5.71 hours; estrus intensity (+++) was 21 goats, (+) was 9 goats, and 1 goat did not show any signs of estrus; estrus percentage, pregnancy percentage, and birth percentage were the same, namely 96.77%; and litter size 1.16 ± 0.45. The reproductive performance of Kacang Goats treated with estrus synchronization using the intravaginal method on dry land showed good results because Kacang Goats have a high adaptability to extreme feed and environmental conditions.

Rasio of Corn Stover and Pineapple Waste on Dry Matter, Organic Matter, Dry Matter Digestibility, and Organic Matter Silage (In Vitro)

2026-01-12T13:00:27+00:00

The increase in the population of ruminant livestock has led to a continuous increase in demand for animal feed, necessitating alternative feeds such as pineapple waste. The disadvantage of pineapple waste is that it deteriorates easily when stored for long periods, so it needs to be processed first, such as by making silage. This study aims to determine the quality of pineapple waste silage mixed with corn stover, based on dry matter content, organic matter content, and in vitro digestibility. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatments consisted of P1 = 90% corn stover + 10% pineapple waste, P2 = 80% corn stover + 20% pineapple waste, P3 = 70% corn stover + 30% pineapple waste, and P4 = 60% corn stover + 40% pineapple waste. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that the ratio of corn stover and pineapple waste had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the dry matter and organic matter content of silage. Higher use of pineapple waste up to 40% can increase the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. It was concluded that the best digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in silage was in P4 with a ratio of 60% corn stover and 40% pineapple waste.

Neck Trimming Shape Effect on Salt Cured Goat Skin Towards Wrinkle Defects, Final Yield Area, and Yield Loss of the Pickled Skin

2026-03-31T01:08:45+00:00

Goat skin has strong, flexible fibers, but not all parts of the goat skin have the same fiber structure. The neck has loose collagen fibers and irregular directions, making it susceptible to folds or wrinkles during tanning. The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective neck cutting pattern in preventing wrinkle defects on the surface of the skin, yield area and yield loss of skin, to find the optimal combination between defect prevention and increasing the efficiency of goatskin production. The study was conducted on nine salt-cured goatskins with an area of 33.5 sqf from PT Budi Makmur Jayamurni, Yogyakarta. Skin is grouped into 3 categories, namely, namely TT = without neck cutting, TP = cutting the base of the neck, and TU = cutting the U-shaped neck. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences between the TU treatment and TP and TT for all parameters. The TT treatment resulted in an average wrinkle defect area of 0.58 ± 0.14 sqf, a yield area of 114.34 ± 1.05%, and a yield loss (yield gain) of -16.35 ± 4.43%. The TP treatment resulted in a wrinkle defect of 0.33 ± 0.14 sqf, a yield area of 113.37 ± 0.89%, and a yield loss (yield gain) of -13.37 ± 0.90%. The TU treatment resulted in a wrinkle defect of 0.18 ± 0.07 sqf, a yield area of 123.89 ± 3.47%, and a yield loss (yield gain) of -23.89 ± 3.47%. The U-shaped cutting pattern yielded optimal results with the smallest wrinkle defect and a fairly large yield area.

Increase in Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) Levels and Modification of Duck Egg Yolk Cholesterol Composition through Feed Additives

2026-03-08T22:38:11+00:00

This study aimed to analyze the effect of supplementation of a combination of turmeric powder, black pepper, and pyridoxine in the diet on production performance, physical egg quality, and the levels of Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) and total cholesterol in the egg yolk of ducks. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with 7 treatments and 4 replications, each consisting of 3 Mojosari ducks aged 5 months and reared for 7 weeks. The treatments were R0 (basal ration), R1 (BR + pyridoxine 3 mg/kg), R2 (BR + pyridoxine 6 mg/kg), R3 (BR + turmeric 2.4 g/kg + black pepper 0.2 g/kg + pyridoxine 3 mg/kg), R4 (BR + turmeric 2.4 g/kg + black pepper 0.2 g/kg + pyridoxine 6 mg/kg), R5 (BR + turmeric 2.4 g/kg + black pepper 0.6 g/kg + pyridoxine 3 mg/kg), and R6 (BR + turmeric 2.4 g/kg + black pepper 0.6 g/kg + pyridoxine 6 mg/kg). Production performance and physical egg quality data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test, while IgY and cholesterol data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the treatments had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed consumption, egg production, or Hen Day Production. Eggshell weight in treatment R3 (5.26 g) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the control (7.24 g). Based on descriptive analysis, there was a numerical increasing trend in IgY and total yolk cholesterol levels as the supplementation level increased, with the highest values observed in R6 (IgY: 157.27 mg/mL; cholesterol: 1136.7 mg/100 g). In conclusion, this combination supplementation did not disturb production performance in general but reduced eggshell weight and indicated an increase in IgY and total yolk cholesterol levels that warrants further investigation.

The Level of Hygiene and Sanitation Implementation in the Supply of Broiler Meat in North Sulawesi

2026-04-23T03:29:25+00:00

This study aimed to describe the implementation of hygiene and sanitation practices in the supply of broiler chicken meat in North Sulawesi. A quantitative descriptive method with a survey approach was employed involving broiler chicken slaughterers and meat vendors in North Sulawesi from April to November 2025. The study sites were purposively selected from traditional markets, while respondents were selected using a total sampling technique, resulting in 78 respondents. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and questionnaires and subsequently analyzed descriptively. The results showed that relatively well-implemented indicators at the slaughtering stage included equipment and worker cleanliness (100.00%), availability of clean water (74.29%), and cleanliness of slaughtering facilities (68.57%). In contrast, slaughtering in appropriate facilities separated from sales areas, protection of carcasses from contamination sources, and waste handling remained very low, each accounting for 5.71%. At the retail stage, relatively well-implemented indicators included the availability of clean water (89.74%), cleanliness of sales areas (87.18%), and handling of meat in clean areas (83.33%), whereas protection of meat from dust and flies (42.31%), hygienic product display (0.00%), and waste handling (12.82%) remained low. Based on these findings, hygiene and sanitation practices in the supply of broiler chicken meat in North Sulawesi were not yet optimal, particularly about the separation of slaughtering facilities, protection of products from contamination, and waste management.

Analysis of Leading Livestock Sectors and Community Welfare in Majene Regency

2026-04-15T04:01:47+00:00

Majene Regency is one of the regions with substantial potential in the livestock sector; however, this potential has not yet been fully reflected in improvements in community welfare. The development of the livestock sector in Majene Regency continues to face several challenges, including limited access to modern technology, inadequate investment and market access, and low productivity. This study aimed to analyze leading livestock commodities and their role in community welfare in Majene Regency using the Location Quotient (LQ) method and multiple linear regression analysis. The study used secondary data, including livestock populations and population size in Majene Regency and West Sulawesi Province, as well as data on gross regional domestic product (GRDP), poverty, unemployment, and the Human Development Index (HDI) in Majene Regency for the 2020–2024 period. LQ analysis was used to identify livestock commodities classified as base sectors, while multiple linear regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between leading livestock commodities and community welfare indicators. The results showed that beef cattle (mean LQ = 1.26), horses (LQ = 1.014), and goats (mean LQ = 2.72) were classified as base livestock commodities in Majene Regency, whereas buffaloes (LQ = 0.13) were classified as a non-base commodity. GRDP per capita (coefficient = −0.066) and HDI (coefficient = −0.425) showed negative relationships with the LQ of goats, indicating that increases in per capita income and quality of life were associated with a decline in the relative competitiveness of the goat subsector. Goats were the leading livestock commodity with the highest LQ value and have the potential to serve as an economic buffer for the community. Overall, leading livestock commodities play an important role in supporting the local economy and community welfare in Majene Regency.

Chemical Characteristics and Shelf Life Fermented Sausage with Yogurt Starter

2026-04-17T04:38:15+00:00

This study aimed to investigate the effect of commercial yogurt starter cultures on the production of fermented sausages, with a focus on their chemical characteristics and shelf life. The study was conducted from July 5 to November 29, 2023, at the Animal Product Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya. The materials used in this study included yogurt starter cultures, chicken meat, ice, salt, full-cream milk powder, isolated soy protein (ISP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), and seasonings consisting of garlic, pepper, ginger, nutmeg, and sugar. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used with four treatments and five replications per treatment: P0, without yogurt starter supplementation; P1, yogurt starter A (L. plantarum, L. bulgaricus, L. fermentum, L. acidophilus, and S. thermophilus); P2, yogurt starter B (L. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, and L. casei); and P3, yogurt starter C (L. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, and S. thermophilus). Differences in the number and composition of lactic acid bacteria in the starter cultures significantly affected (P < 0.05) proteolytic activity and degree of hydrolysis but did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) soluble protein content or moisture content. The treatment with yogurt starter A produced the highest values of proteolytic activity (2.36 U/mL), soluble protein content (0.61 mg/mL), and moisture content (68.18%). In terms of shelf life, fermented sausages produced with starter P1 had a shelf life that was 9 days longer than those produced with the other starter cultures. These findings indicate that variation in the number and composition of lactic acid bacteria in starter A resulted in better proteolytic activity, degree of hydrolysis, and shelf life of fermented sausages.

Product Diversification Strategy and Agribusiness System Integration in Sheep Farming at Ibrahim Dadong Awok Livestock Farm in Bangorejo District, Banyuwangi Regency

2026-04-16T03:56:15+00:00

Sheep farming plays a strategic role in supporting food security and improving community welfare; however, it faces constraints such as low innovation and limited adoption of technology in production and business management. This research was conducted at Ibrahim Dadong Awok Farm, Bangorejo District, Banyuwangi Regency, from January 13 to 22, 2025. The objectives were to analyze the business model using the Business Model Canvas (BMC), identify product diversification and agribusiness system integration, and formulate development strategies through SWOT analysis. A qualitative descriptive approach was applied, with data collected through observation, interviews, and literature review. The results indicate that the business model is systematically structured across the nine BMC elements, with key strengths in the one-stop farming concept, utilization of digital media, and education-based customer relationships. Business diversification includes live sheep sales, aqiqah services, odot grass seedlings, chopper machines, and livestock medicines, reflecting integration from upstream to downstream subsystems. Development strategies focus on optimizing agribusiness integration, expanding digital marketing, enhancing product innovation, increasing technology adoption, improving human resource capacity, and strengthening biosecurity and partnerships. These findings suggest that the business has strong potential for sustainable growth and improved competitiveness.

A Systematic Review of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Bacterial Species in Livestock in Indonesia

2026-05-08T01:41:49+00:00

Antimicrobial resistance is an escalating global threat, partly driven by the presence of bacteria producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), which can hydrolyze broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics. The livestock sector represents a potential reservoir of ESBL-producing bacteria that can spread through the food chain, direct contact, and the environment. This study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) on the occurrence of ESBL-producing bacteria in livestock in Indonesia, covering bacterial species, sample sources, detection methods, and reported ESBL genes. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases following PRISMA guidelines. The articles used were articles published within the period of 2016–2025. Of the 108 articles identified, 20 primary research articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. The SLR results indicated that poultry, particularly broiler chickens, were the most frequently reported livestock sources of ESBL-producing bacteria. The predominant bacterial species was Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The most commonly used detection methods were the DDST for phenotypic screening and PCR for genotypic confirmation. The most prevalent ESBL gene identified was blaCTX-M, followed by blaTEM and blaSHV. Most isolates also exhibited MDR characteristics. ESBL-producing bacteria are widely distributed among livestock in Indonesia and pose potential public health risks. Therefore, routine surveillance programs for ESBL-producing bacteria in poultry farms, standardization of DDST- and PCR-based detection methods, stricter monitoring of antibiotic use, and improved farm biosecurity are required to reduce the spread of MDR ESBL-producing bacteria in livestock in Indonesia.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Dairy Farmers’ Interest in Organic Dairy Farming in Tutur District, Pasuruan Regency

2026-04-20T02:53:05+00:00

The development of organic dairy farming is a strategic effort aimed at enhancing milk quality, improving animal welfare, and promoting environmental sustainability. Despite favorable agroecological conditions and institutional support, farmers' interest in adopting organic dairy practices remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the level of interest among dairy farmers and the factors influencing their intention to adopt organic dairy farming. Primary data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. Independent variables included livestock ownership, education level, knowledge, farming experience, age, farmer group role, and business capital, while the dependent variable was farmers' interest in organic dairy farming. The results showed that 56% of respondents had a low level of interest. When considered together, all independent variables significantly influenced farmers' interest (P<0.05). Partially, knowledge, farming experience, and livestock ownership significantly influenced farmers' interest, with knowledge being the most dominant factor. These findings underscore that improving farmers' knowledge is key to enhancing their readiness and willingness to adopt organic dairy farming systems.

Analysis of Determinant Factors of Sustainability of Beef Cattle Farming Business in Koto XI Tarusan District, Pesisir Selatan Regency

2026-02-11T14:49:22+00:00

Sustainable livestock development is a strategic issue in global and national agricultural systems, particularly in the beef cattle subsector, which plays an important role in providing animal protein, increasing rural household incomes, and strengthening food security. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability level of beef cattle farming in Koto XI Tarusan District, Pesisir Selatan Regency, and to examine the influence of economic, social, environmental, and institutional dimensions on overall sustainability performance. A survey approach was applied involving 30 farmers selected through quota and snowball sampling techniques. Sustainability status and its determining factors were analyzed using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). The results of the study show that the economic dimension has a sustainability index value of 60,80, which is in the category of fairly sustainable, the social dimension has an index of 47,95, which is less sustainable, and the environmental dimension has a sustainability index of 60,46 or is in the category of fairly sustainable. Key leverage attributes include market access (economic), livestock security from theft (social), the use of crop residues as feed (environmental), and government support programs (institutional). herefore, increasing the sustainability of smallholder beef cattle farming requires an integrated and sustainable development approach, with an emphasis on strengthening the social dimension as the main limiting factor, without ignoring the optimization of the economic and environmental dimensions.